DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN INDONESIA

OUTLINE

DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN INDONESIA

        I.            Introductory paragraph

Thesis statement: The development of human rights in Indonesia is divided into two periods: pre-independence and after independence

     II.            Body paragraph

A.     Pre-independence is period where the human rights exist before Indonesia being an independence country

1.       Boedi Oetomo

2.       Sarekat Islam

3.       Indonesian Communist Party

4.       Indonesian National Education Organization

B.     After independence is the period where the human rights in Indonesia has been growing rapidly because Indonesia has been independence.

1.       The period 1945^th -1950^th

2.       The period 1950^th -1959^th

3.       The period 1959^th -1966^th

4.       The period 1966^th -1998^th

5.       The period 1998^th  to present

   III.            Concluding paragraph

The development of human right in Indonesia is the long history where everybody take a part in every periods. These periods are pre-independence and after independence. As a young man we have to develop, enforce and apply it in our daily life.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF HUMAN RIGHTS IN INDONESIA

Human rights is something very important in the life of society around the world because the human rights is the inherent right of every human being since birth and that valid forever. Human rights in Indonesia is considered as an order of norms, values ​​and attitudes that serve as the base of life in the community that have been developed since long. The development of human rights in Indonesia is divided into two periods: pre-independence and after independence.

Pre-independence is period where the human rights exist before Indonesia being an independence country. At this time the development of human rights is led by political parties that developed in Indonesia. Boedi Utomo as the first party in Indonesia applied human rights by giving awareness to association and expression. For example, Boedi Utomo allow members to provide advice and give opinion when the meeting is in progress, either talking or in writing. Serekat Islam as a party that is based on Islam also give the understanding about it to all the members. The members be able to earn a decent living and free from oppression. Indonesian communist party were grounded Marxism stressed the human rights on the rights of a social nature and touch on issues relating to the means of production. Other party who has upheld human rights is Indonesian National Education Organization. This party emphasizes the rights to political rights, namely the right to express opinions, self-determination and the right to association and assembly.

The next period is the period after independence, where the human rights in Indonesia has been growing rapidly because Indonesia get freedom from colonization. The first division of this period is the period 1945^th to 1950^th. During this period was still focused on the independence and freedom of association through a political party where the human rights has received formal recognition for having obtained entry in the Indonesia constitution (UUD 1945). The second division of this period is the period 1950^th to 1959^th  which is known as the period of parliamentary democracy. Thought of human rights in this period is very proud because the atmosphere of freedom that be spirit of liberal democracy and parliamentary democracy have a place among the political elite. for example, the more grown political parties, freedom of the press, general elections and establishment of the parliament. The third division of this period is the period 1959^th to 1966^th. During this period the government system namely guided democracy as reaction of Sukarno's rejection to the parliamentary democracy system. The deprivation of human rights happened because the transformed of the political guidance in Indonesia.  The fourth division is period 1966^th to 1998^th, this period is the transfer of leadership between Soekarno to Soeharto where the human rights initially grown back because of the idea of the establishment of human rights in Indonesia, whereas in the 1980s human rights suffered a setback because it was no longer respected, protected and enforced. The setback is because the government no longer supported the human rights and it can be reflected in laws that generally restricted human rights. The government of that day claimed that human rights associated with the western countries which are pushing developing countries. The last division is 1998^th to the present. The change of regime in 1998 gave a huge impact on the promotion and protection of human rights in Indonesia. At this time began to re-do an assessment some the new order of government policy which opposed with the concept of human rights. During this period human rights has been getting the recognition by the government because it re-inserted in the legislation of Indonesia.

In short, the development of human right in Indonesia is the long history where everybody take a part in every periods. These periods are pre-independence and after independence. As a young man we have to develop, enforce and apply it in our daily life to maintain the freedom of human rights in Indonesia.